The Future of Public Chain Ecosystem: Coexistence of Multiple Chains and the Rise of zkRollup

In the blockchain industry, Layer-1 projects are emerging like mushrooms after rain, including well-known public chains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. Even in the current fierce competition, new L1 public chains with unique advantages continue to emerge, and technological innovation is advancing continuously. It is expected that in the future, most Layer 1 public chains, including Aptos and Sui, will adopt zkRollup technology based on zkEVM, ultimately forming a cross-chain interoperable Omnichain zkRollup ecosystem.

Aptos/Sui: Representatives of Emerging Public Chains

In 2022, the most notable emerging public blockchains are Aptos and Sui, which use the Move smart contract language. These two projects were initiated by members of the former Diem( original Libra) development team, inheriting many features of Diem while differing from existing L1 public blockchains in terms of performance, programming languages, and mechanisms.

The uniqueness of the Move language lies in its newly defined "module structure," which allows assets such as tokens, NFTs, and smart contracts to be defined in a concise modular way through a single data module. This feature is absent in the Ethereum EVM. For example, the Move language's resource-based method design fundamentally avoids the reentrancy attack issues that have plagued the EVM ecosystem for years.

However, whether Aptos/Sui can become a mainstream public chain depends not only on technological advantages but also on the innovation and application of on-chain projects. Currently, these emerging public chains, although technically advanced, still face the challenge of insufficient traffic. The success of a public chain requires the dual support of technological innovation and ecological prosperity.

To attract more developers and users, Aptos and Sui are likely to gradually embrace the EVM ecosystem and Layer 2 technologies, especially the advanced zkEVM-Based zkRollup.

zkEVM-based zkRollup: The Future Path of Aptos/Sui

In the long run, zkRollup will become an efficient and secure scaling solution. Theoretically, zkRollup can be deployed on any network that supports the verification of its proofs, including Aptos and Sui. Building zkEVM-based zkRollup on these emerging public chains has the following advantages:

1. Attract developers and users from the EVM ecosystem: Developers can migrate EVM applications to the Aptos/Sui ecosystem at almost zero cost.
2. Enhance user experience: Users can enjoy lower or even negligible transaction fees, gaining an interaction experience close to traditional applications.

To build a zkEVM-based zkRollup on Aptos/Sui, the following key components are needed:

1. Sequencer: Receives transactions and executes them through EVM nodes, generating easily provable execution records.
2. zkProver: Includes a complete zk-EVM circuit, verifies execution records, and generates zero-knowledge proofs.
3. Smart Contracts: Deploy asset custody contracts, proof verification contracts, and governance contracts on Aptos/Sui.

Omnichain zkRollup: The Ultimate Form of Web3 Network

The future Web3 ecosystem will present a multi-chain coexistence pattern, with the demand for cross-chain asset flow and interaction growing increasingly. Traditional cross-chain bridges struggle to meet complex cross-chain needs, and Omnichain zkRollup has emerged to address this.

Omnichain zkRollup is built on zkEVM-based zkRollup and combines cross-chain interoperability protocols such as LayerZero, HyperLane, etc. to form a complete chain execution layer. It ensures transaction correctness through zero-knowledge proofs and enjoys security comparable to that of the total sum of all chains.

Omnichain zkRollup will enable the complete programmable interaction of assets and information across all chains. Users can initiate cross-chain transactions here, changing the account status on various chains. This technology will provide vast space for innovative applications such as decentralized exchanges, cross-chain GameFi, and SocialFi, opening the door to a borderless Web3 world.